Definition of proximal sensing; Optical and thermography sensors; Usage and data interpretation (use of DSS and validated models).

Definition of remote sensing; Potential of drones; Challenges: issues with image resolution and processing times, and the need for ongoing training and expertise in GIS and data integration.

Using weather monitoring technology in vineyards; Using climate data for vineyard decision-making and climate impact analysis; Analyzing weather forecasts and interpreting weather-related data to better understand its impact on viticulture rather than collecting it; Challenges: obtaining accurate and representative data and difficulties with data integration and management for monitoring networks; Professional weather stations can be expensive and require regular maintenance, making them less accessible for small farms, and expanding networks to cover diverse conditions adds to the cost, potential of using very simple & cheap weather stations.